# Annual global-average surface air temperature anomalies relative to # the 1991-2020 reference period # '-999' denote missing values # Units: deg. C Year,ERA5,JRA-3Q,Berkeley Earth,GISTEMP,HadCRUT5,NOAAGlobalTemp 1850 -999.000 -999.000 -1.017 -999.000 -0.964 -0.789 1851 -999.000 -999.000 -0.924 -999.000 -0.773 -0.707 1852 -999.000 -999.000 -0.884 -999.000 -0.776 -0.716 1853 -999.000 -999.000 -0.900 -999.000 -0.809 -0.728 1854 -999.000 -999.000 -0.908 -999.000 -0.827 -0.722 1855 -999.000 -999.000 -0.895 -999.000 -0.833 -0.732 1856 -999.000 -999.000 -1.014 -999.000 -0.862 -0.870 1857 -999.000 -999.000 -1.142 -999.000 -1.012 -0.885 1858 -999.000 -999.000 -0.961 -999.000 -0.934 -0.821 1859 -999.000 -999.000 -0.854 -999.000 -0.824 -0.698 1860 -999.000 -999.000 -0.999 -999.000 -0.931 -0.843 1861 -999.000 -999.000 -1.081 -999.000 -0.968 -0.864 1862 -999.000 -999.000 -1.168 -999.000 -1.083 -0.915 1863 -999.000 -999.000 -0.973 -999.000 -0.889 -0.771 1864 -999.000 -999.000 -0.984 -999.000 -1.013 -0.809 1865 -999.000 -999.000 -0.892 -999.000 -0.877 -0.747 1866 -999.000 -999.000 -0.849 -999.000 -0.894 -0.723 1867 -999.000 -999.000 -0.817 -999.000 -0.908 -0.798 1868 -999.000 -999.000 -0.839 -999.000 -0.891 -0.756 1869 -999.000 -999.000 -0.857 -999.000 -0.857 -0.734 1870 -999.000 -999.000 -0.908 -999.000 -0.870 -0.784 1871 -999.000 -999.000 -0.938 -999.000 -0.907 -0.782 1872 -999.000 -999.000 -0.900 -999.000 -0.872 -0.788 1873 -999.000 -999.000 -0.882 -999.000 -0.886 -0.805 1874 -999.000 -999.000 -0.956 -999.000 -0.916 -0.823 1875 -999.000 -999.000 -0.952 -999.000 -0.927 -0.813 1876 -999.000 -999.000 -0.975 -999.000 -0.966 -0.834 1877 -999.000 -999.000 -0.595 -999.000 -0.646 -0.570 1878 -999.000 -999.000 -0.531 -999.000 -0.548 -0.561 1879 -999.000 -999.000 -0.841 -999.000 -0.849 -0.729 1880 -999.000 -999.000 -0.921 -0.780 -0.860 -0.784 1881 -999.000 -999.000 -0.812 -0.698 -0.779 -0.748 1882 -999.000 -999.000 -0.863 -0.723 -0.845 -0.748 1883 -999.000 -999.000 -0.911 -0.786 -0.893 -0.843 1884 -999.000 -999.000 -1.087 -0.897 -1.043 -0.932 1885 -999.000 -999.000 -1.046 -0.946 -1.016 -0.947 1886 -999.000 -999.000 -1.083 -0.925 -0.966 -0.879 1887 -999.000 -999.000 -1.109 -0.976 -1.042 -0.933 1888 -999.000 -999.000 -0.907 -0.784 -0.922 -0.794 1889 -999.000 -999.000 -0.790 -0.720 -0.794 -0.705 1890 -999.000 -999.000 -1.076 -0.965 -1.051 -0.902 1891 -999.000 -999.000 -0.955 -0.833 -0.942 -0.811 1892 -999.000 -999.000 -1.024 -0.884 -1.058 -0.877 1893 -999.000 -999.000 -1.000 -0.921 -1.039 -0.942 1894 -999.000 -999.000 -0.993 -0.913 -1.025 -0.858 1895 -999.000 -999.000 -0.924 -0.834 -0.992 -0.817 1896 -999.000 -999.000 -0.832 -0.720 -0.826 -0.688 1897 -999.000 -999.000 -0.825 -0.715 -0.802 -0.697 1898 -999.000 -999.000 -1.031 -0.884 -1.026 -0.854 1899 -999.000 -999.000 -0.860 -0.782 -0.897 -0.787 1900 -999.000 -999.000 -0.759 -0.688 -0.775 -0.709 1901 -999.000 -999.000 -0.833 -0.762 -0.832 -0.762 1902 -999.000 -999.000 -0.990 -0.889 -0.987 -0.861 1903 -999.000 -999.000 -1.094 -0.982 -1.078 -0.947 1904 -999.000 -999.000 -1.148 -1.080 -1.140 -1.058 1905 -999.000 -999.000 -0.966 -0.870 -0.950 -0.869 1906 -999.000 -999.000 -0.887 -0.832 -0.858 -0.834 1907 -999.000 -999.000 -1.047 -0.996 -1.049 -0.963 1908 -999.000 -999.000 -1.080 -1.038 -1.056 -1.029 1909 -999.000 -999.000 -1.144 -1.095 -1.077 -1.063 1910 -999.000 -999.000 -1.102 -1.048 -1.072 -1.025 1911 -999.000 -999.000 -1.108 -1.056 -1.075 -1.037 1912 -999.000 -999.000 -1.035 -0.979 -1.025 -0.959 1913 -999.000 -999.000 -1.011 -0.951 -1.012 -0.951 1914 -999.000 -999.000 -0.829 -0.758 -0.807 -0.768 1915 -999.000 -999.000 -0.771 -0.749 -0.734 -0.725 1916 -999.000 -999.000 -1.004 -0.970 -0.969 -0.936 1917 -999.000 -999.000 -1.151 -1.068 -1.095 -1.058 1918 -999.000 -999.000 -0.982 -0.905 -0.978 -0.908 1919 -999.000 -999.000 -0.929 -0.886 -0.881 -0.865 1920 -999.000 -999.000 -0.866 -0.881 -0.843 -0.876 1921 -999.000 -999.000 -0.814 -0.794 -0.776 -0.796 1922 -999.000 -999.000 -0.904 -0.889 -0.880 -0.870 1923 -999.000 -999.000 -0.867 -0.870 -0.856 -0.866 1924 -999.000 -999.000 -0.880 -0.879 -0.845 -0.850 1925 -999.000 -999.000 -0.832 -0.827 -0.814 -0.823 1926 -999.000 -999.000 -0.702 -0.717 -0.657 -0.711 1927 -999.000 -999.000 -0.818 -0.826 -0.763 -0.805 1928 -999.000 -999.000 -0.807 -0.811 -0.739 -0.793 1929 -999.000 -999.000 -0.980 -0.968 -0.930 -0.934 1930 -999.000 -999.000 -0.757 -0.766 -0.704 -0.738 1931 -999.000 -999.000 -0.701 -0.699 -0.630 -0.686 1932 -999.000 -999.000 -0.745 -0.766 -0.680 -0.749 1933 -999.000 -999.000 -0.930 -0.894 -0.861 -0.877 1934 -999.000 -999.000 -0.787 -0.731 -0.708 -0.732 1935 -999.000 -999.000 -0.847 -0.808 -0.741 -0.781 1936 -999.000 -999.000 -0.777 -0.752 -0.705 -0.743 1937 -999.000 -999.000 -0.623 -0.637 -0.552 -0.615 1938 -999.000 -999.000 -0.619 -0.610 -0.542 -0.608 1939 -999.000 -999.000 -0.635 -0.625 -0.570 -0.617 1940 -0.689 -999.000 -0.543 -0.486 -0.460 -0.471 1941 -0.641 -999.000 -0.593 -0.426 -0.500 -0.408 1942 -0.731 -999.000 -0.579 -0.542 -0.531 -0.539 1943 -0.726 -999.000 -0.527 -0.520 -0.515 -0.528 1944 -0.539 -999.000 -0.417 -0.405 -0.382 -0.393 1945 -0.673 -999.000 -0.542 -0.517 -0.489 -0.489 1946 -0.671 -999.000 -0.707 -0.682 -0.647 -0.667 1947 -0.626 -999.000 -0.645 -0.634 -0.622 -0.636 1948 -0.691 -0.681 -0.741 -0.717 -0.656 -0.691 1949 -0.654 -0.684 -0.744 -0.721 -0.680 -0.686 1950 -0.765 -0.782 -0.816 -0.784 -0.767 -0.751 1951 -0.631 -0.611 -0.640 -0.678 -0.591 -0.633 1952 -0.654 -0.606 -0.562 -0.602 -0.523 -0.575 1953 -0.572 -0.510 -0.491 -0.533 -0.454 -0.500 1954 -0.769 -0.751 -0.689 -0.746 -0.653 -0.698 1955 -0.786 -0.756 -0.746 -0.752 -0.734 -0.755 1956 -0.851 -0.804 -0.829 -0.801 -0.809 -0.797 1957 -0.598 -0.552 -0.600 -0.564 -0.580 -0.567 1958 -0.532 -0.477 -0.596 -0.550 -0.559 -0.543 1959 -0.566 -0.575 -0.613 -0.581 -0.589 -0.556 1960 -0.616 -0.604 -0.672 -0.638 -0.656 -0.601 1961 -0.537 -0.585 -0.596 -0.555 -0.566 -0.564 1962 -0.597 -0.570 -0.654 -0.582 -0.607 -0.575 1963 -0.560 -0.554 -0.610 -0.558 -0.581 -0.546 1964 -0.776 -0.760 -0.878 -0.811 -0.849 -0.778 1965 -0.708 -0.682 -0.757 -0.718 -0.748 -0.690 1966 -0.631 -0.648 -0.697 -0.670 -0.691 -0.651 1967 -0.616 -0.621 -0.664 -0.634 -0.658 -0.612 1968 -0.684 -0.650 -0.742 -0.695 -0.712 -0.686 1969 -0.548 -0.541 -0.591 -0.558 -0.576 -0.533 1970 -0.576 -0.613 -0.640 -0.588 -0.631 -0.575 1971 -0.729 -0.690 -0.757 -0.693 -0.750 -0.680 1972 -0.598 -0.582 -0.647 -0.603 -0.640 -0.603 1973 -0.492 -0.447 -0.515 -0.454 -0.496 -0.433 1974 -0.765 -0.728 -0.719 -0.682 -0.717 -0.677 1975 -0.742 -0.683 -0.655 -0.627 -0.656 -0.615 1976 -0.815 -0.774 -0.750 -0.712 -0.762 -0.662 1977 -0.524 -0.512 -0.421 -0.436 -0.442 -0.421 1978 -0.583 -0.566 -0.548 -0.544 -0.541 -0.515 1979 -0.426 -0.454 -0.470 -0.445 -0.452 -0.403 1980 -0.302 -0.353 -0.349 -0.355 -0.349 -0.338 1981 -0.263 -0.327 -0.299 -0.290 -0.295 -0.276 1982 -0.462 -0.497 -0.514 -0.474 -0.511 -0.440 1983 -0.269 -0.310 -0.334 -0.302 -0.322 -0.283 1984 -0.484 -0.510 -0.501 -0.455 -0.496 -0.433 1985 -0.520 -0.531 -0.504 -0.494 -0.494 -0.460 1986 -0.433 -0.400 -0.450 -0.433 -0.450 -0.415 1987 -0.277 -0.253 -0.310 -0.292 -0.302 -0.292 1988 -0.248 -0.249 -0.265 -0.223 -0.262 -0.212 1989 -0.363 -0.354 -0.380 -0.340 -0.365 -0.334 1990 -0.130 -0.146 -0.192 -0.166 -0.183 -0.181 1991 -0.187 -0.207 -0.206 -0.208 -0.206 -0.211 1992 -0.423 -0.426 -0.413 -0.390 -0.421 -0.395 1993 -0.373 -0.376 -0.357 -0.381 -0.379 -0.360 1994 -0.335 -0.307 -0.305 -0.297 -0.309 -0.303 1995 -0.160 -0.139 -0.152 -0.170 -0.169 -0.151 1996 -0.293 -0.247 -0.260 -0.278 -0.269 -0.271 1997 -0.165 -0.134 -0.120 -0.149 -0.121 -0.128 1998 0.022 0.052 0.029 -0.006 0.032 0.000 1999 -0.248 -0.209 -0.214 -0.233 -0.221 -0.209 2000 -0.254 -0.206 -0.213 -0.219 -0.214 -0.199 2001 -0.083 -0.058 -0.077 -0.076 -0.054 -0.076 2002 0.007 0.003 0.016 0.015 -0.001 -0.006 2003 -0.007 0.000 -0.001 0.008 0.002 0.005 2004 -0.076 -0.089 -0.090 -0.080 -0.077 -0.085 2005 0.095 0.090 0.076 0.063 0.064 0.074 2006 0.043 0.019 0.024 0.025 0.028 0.031 2007 0.037 0.005 0.040 0.053 0.048 0.027 2008 -0.099 -0.124 -0.086 -0.070 -0.077 -0.081 2009 0.036 0.012 0.050 0.044 0.053 0.033 2010 0.131 0.104 0.116 0.111 0.136 0.102 2011 -0.009 -0.002 0.008 -0.001 -0.006 0.000 2012 0.036 0.027 0.026 0.036 0.034 0.032 2013 0.068 0.085 0.047 0.065 0.080 0.055 2014 0.109 0.124 0.121 0.135 0.131 0.139 2015 0.257 0.268 0.264 0.286 0.282 0.288 2016 0.435 0.436 0.398 0.404 0.388 0.402 2017 0.344 0.321 0.302 0.311 0.301 0.320 2018 0.265 0.231 0.228 0.237 0.219 0.233 2019 0.401 0.368 0.361 0.366 0.348 0.350 2020 0.427 0.380 0.386 0.401 0.379 0.382 2021 0.276 0.204 0.233 0.238 0.220 0.234 2022 0.303 0.268 0.274 0.280 0.259 0.279 2023 0.603 0.588 -999.000 -999.000 -999.000 -999.000