# Buraca Gloriosa, Portugal 9,000 Year Speleothem Stable Isotope Data #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # World Data Service for Paleoclimatology, Boulder # and # NOAA Paleoclimatology Program # National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) #----------------------------------------------------------------------- # Template Version 3.0 # Encoding: UTF-8 # NOTE: Please cite Publication, and Online_Resource and date accessed when using these data. # If there is no publication information, please cite Investigators, Title, and Online_Resource and date accessed. # # Online_Resource: https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/29392 # Description: NOAA Landing Page # Online_Resource: http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/europe/portugal/gloriosa2020iso-100yr.txt # Description: NOAA location of the template # # Original_Source_URL: # Description: # # Description/Documentation lines begin with # # Data lines have no # # # Archive: Speleothems # # Dataset DOI: # # Parameter_Keywords: carbon isotopes, oxygen isotopes, age control #--------------------------------------- # Contribution_Date # Date: 2020-04-06 #--------------------------------------- # File_Last_Modified_Date # Date: 2020-05-14 #--------------------------------------- # Title # Study_Name: Buraca Gloriosa, Portugal 9,000 Year Speleothem Stable Isotope Data #--------------------------------------- # Investigators # Investigators: Thatcher, D.L.; Wanamaker, A.D.; Denniston, R.F.; Asmerom, Y.; Polyak, V.J.; Fullick, D.; Ummenhofer, C.C.; Gillikin, D.P.; Haws, J. #--------------------------------------- # Description_Notes_and_Keywords # Description: Stable isotope (d18O and d13C) data from 6 stalagmites collected in Buraca Gloriosa, Portugal for the past 9,000 years. # Provided Keywords: drought, Holocene, hydroclimate, Iberia, Portugal, stalagmite # Note: 100-year bins (this file) added 14-May-2020. #--------------------------------------- # Publication # Authors: Diana L. Thatcher, Alan D. Wanamaker, Rhawn F. Denniston, Yemane Asmerom, Victor J. Polyak, Daniel Fullick, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, David P. Gillikin, Jonathan A. Haws # Published_Date_or_Year: 2020-03-07 # Published_Title: Hydroclimate variability from western Iberia (Portugal) during the Holocene: Insights from a composite stalagmite isotope record # Journal_Name: The Holocene # Volume: # Edition: # Issue: # Pages: # Report Number: # DOI: 10.1177/0959683620908648 # Online_Resource: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0959683620908648 # Full_Citation: # Abstract: Iberia is predicted under future warming scenarios to be increasingly impacted by drought. While it is known that this region has experienced multiple intervals of enhanced aridity over the Holocene, additional hydroclimate-sensitive records from Iberia are necessary to place current and future drying into a broader perspective. Toward that end, we present a multi-proxy composite record from six well-dated and overlapping speleothems from Buraca Gloriosa (BG) cave, located in western Portugal. The coherence between the six stalagmites in this composite stalagmite record illustrates that climate (not in-cave processes) impacts speleothem isotopic values. This record provides the first high-resolution, precisely dated, terrestrial record of Holocene hydroclimate from west-central Iberia. The BG record reveals that aridity in western Portugal increased secularly from 9.0 ka BP to present, as evidenced by rising values of both carbon (d13C) and oxygen (d18O) stable isotope values. This trend tracks the decrease in Northern Hemisphere summer insolation and parallels Iberian margin sea surface temperatures (SST). The increased aridity over the Holocene is consistent with changes in Hadley Circulation and a southward migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Centennial-scale shifts in hydroclimate are coincident with changes in total solar irradiance (TSI) after 4 ka BP. Several major drying events are evident, the most prominent of which was centered around 4.2 ka BP, a feature also noted in other Iberian climate records and coinciding with well-documented regional cultural shifts. Substantially, wetter conditions occurred from 0.8 ka BP to 0.15 ka BP, including much of the 'Little Ice Age'. This was followed by increasing aridity toward present day. This composite stalagmite proxy record complements oceanic records from coastal Iberia, lacustrine records from inland Iberia, and speleothem records from both northern and southern Spain and depicts the spatial and temporal variability in hydroclimate in Iberia. #--------------------------------------- # Funding_Agency # Funding_Agency_Name: US National Science Foundation # Grant: 1804528, 804635, 1804132, 1806025, 1805163 #------------------ # Site_Information # Site_Name: Buraca Gloriosa # Location: Europe>Western Europe>Portugal # Country: Portugal # Northernmost_Latitude: 39.53 # Southernmost_Latitude: 39.53 # Easternmost_Longitude: -8.78 # Westernmost_Longitude: -8.78 # Elevation: 420 m #------------------ # Data_Collection # Collection_Name: Gloriosa2020iso-100yr # First_Year: 9100 # Last_Year: 1 # Time_Unit: cal yr BP # Core_Length: # Notes: Years BP relative to 2013AD; Composite record from six stalagmites from Buraca Gloriosa cave; 100-year bins #--------------------------------------- # Chronology_Information # Chronology: # # stalagmite Name of stalagmite # dft Distance from top (mm) # age Corrected age (Yr BP) # error Error (yr) # # Stalagmite dft age error # BG135 3 5218 78 # BG135 22 5319 90 # BG135 133 5559 87 # BG135 77 5573 94 # BG135 237 6214 83 # BG135 258 6442 153 # BG135 316 6592 161 # BG135 374 7489 113 # BG135 396 7404 312 # BG135 448 8167 327 # BG135 502 8889 433 # BG136 2.5 253 129 # BG136 4 216 109 # BG136 7 489 111 # BG136 12.7 441 131 # BG136 17.2 541 109 # BG136 19 634 111 # BG136 21.5 720 135 # BG136 25 891 130 # BG136 25.3 913 135 # BG136 29.5 1001 155 # BG136 39 1272 141 # BG136 50 1302 115 # BG136 60 1647 135 # BG136 67.5 1615 142 # BG136 73 1879 215 # BG136 85 2458 127 # BG136 95 2582 131 # BG136 112 2740 165 # BG136 167 3415 100 # BG136 190 3180 131 # BG136 267 3986 92 # BG136 285 4467 108 # BG136 340 5102 107 # BG136 417 5513 824 # BG134 0.8 262 148 # BG134 2 8 379 # BG134 8 847 88 # BG134 9 1032 199 # BG134 17 1287 120 # BG134 29 1985 155 # BG134 31 1902 114 # BG134 43 2420 144 # BG134 44 2333 111 # BG134 52 3501 123 # BG134 71 4800 391 # BG134 90 4644 84 # BG134 89 3770 154 # BG134 70 3965 90 # BG12-1A 3 2661 107 # BG12-1A 59 3793 103 # BG12-1A 99 4296 888 # BG12-1A 114 6494 176 # BG12-1B 9 900 99 # BG12-1B 46 1970 76 # BG12-1B 64 2168 128 # BG12-1B 84 2378 281 # BG12-1B 105 2693 426 # BG12-1B 108 4054 811 # BG12-1B 140 4633 83 # BG06_3 6 4452 203 # BG06_3 55 4352 280 # BG06_3 95 5094 258 # BG06_3 125 5764 243 # BG06_3 150 5368 796 # BG06_3 206 7046 100 # BG06_3 220 6780 99 # BG06_3 245 7117 264 # BG06_3 287 7265 769 # #--------------------------------------- # Variables # Data variables follow that are preceded by "##" in columns one and two. # Variables list, one per line, shortname-tab-longname components (9 components: what, material, error, units, seasonality, archive, detail, method, C or N for Character or Numeric data) # ## ageBin age, , , calendar years before present, , speleothems, 100 year bins, ,C, Years BP relative to 2013AD; 100-year averages ## d13C-ave delta 13C, calcium carbonate, , per mil VPDB, ,speleothems, averaged, isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, ## d13C+2std delta 13C, calcium carbonate, two standard deviations upper bound, per mil VPDB, ,speleothems, averaged, isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, analytical uncertainty + uncertainty from combining records ## d13C-2std delta 13C, calcium carbonate, two standard deviations lower bound, per mil VPDB, ,speleothems, averaged, isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, analytical uncertainty + uncertainty from combining records ## d18O-ave delta 18O, calcium carbonate, , per mil VPDB, ,speleothems, averaged, isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, ## d18O+2std delta 18O, calcium carbonate, two standard deviations upper bound, per mil VPDB, ,speleothems, averaged, isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, analytical uncertainty + uncertainty from combining records ## d18O-2std delta 18O, calcium carbonate, two standard deviations lower bound, per mil VPDB, ,speleothems, averaged, isotope ratio mass spectrometry,N, analytical uncertainty + uncertainty from combining records # #------------------------ # Data # Data lines follow (have no #) # Data line format - tab-delimited text, variable short name as header # Missing Value: # ageBin d13C-ave d13C+2std d13C-2std d18O-ave d18O+2std d18O-2std 1 100 -2.22301854 -0.323064664 -4.122972416 -2.347443 -1.276190424 -3.418695576 101 200 -2.85491048 -0.954956604 -4.754864356 -2.53177304 -1.460520464 -3.603025616 201 300 -3.35970014 -1.459746264 -5.259654016 -3.177783585 -2.106531009 -4.249036161 301 400 -3.275242253 0.190391067 -6.740875574 -2.862634087 -0.312560212 -5.412707961 401 500 -3.737292714 0.520700151 -7.995285579 -3.194897948 -0.665297495 -5.724498401 501 600 -4.101770357 1.500830485 -9.704371199 -3.226417334 -1.154262312 -5.298572355 601 700 -4.201247748 -2.603488516 -5.799006979 -2.996354503 -2.123760262 -3.868948743 701 800 -3.452810856 -1.04471484 -5.860906872 -2.40331929 -1.319798993 -3.486839587 801 900 -2.530010347 -2.088845768 -2.971174925 -1.926197073 -1.70581576 -2.146578387 901 1000 -2.448502835 -2.244647642 -2.652358028 -2.398092905 -1.364858034 -3.431327776 1001 1100 -1.967714703 -1.159652577 -2.77577683 -2.081517923 -1.034155518 -3.128880329 1101 1200 -2.80033019 -2.300858299 -3.299802081 -2.028313117 -1.053708016 -3.002918217 1201 1300 -3.151348661 -0.055777042 -6.24692028 -2.284074032 -0.376211218 -4.191936846 1301 1400 -3.711832296 -2.938317237 -4.485347355 -2.370971228 -1.593459434 -3.148483021 1401 1500 -2.451211959 -0.056771722 -4.845652195 -1.95246364 -0.41361076 -3.491316521 1501 1600 -2.256654176 -0.986244422 -3.527063929 -1.785002801 0.075446415 -3.645452018 1601 1700 -2.506280421 -1.958808353 -3.05375249 -1.70506002 -0.216514233 -3.193605807 1701 1800 -2.758622208 -1.221692591 -4.295551825 -1.985718014 -1.312296947 -2.659139081 1801 1900 -2.326888255 -0.826764446 -3.827012064 -1.75072593 -0.021626305 -3.479825555 1901 2000 -2.962686278 0.197792431 -6.123164988 -1.899821498 -0.737918652 -3.061724345 2001 2100 -4.415770598 -1.107788901 -7.723752294 -2.284685748 -1.747668395 -2.8217031 2101 2200 -2.498391866 -2.068772714 -2.928011018 -1.618656392 -1.213098701 -2.024214083 2201 2300 -1.581090674 0.016733341 -3.178914689 -1.392443772 0.30987555 -3.094763093 2301 2400 -2.539475125 -1.634351375 -3.444598874 -2.120785322 -0.171178716 -4.070391928 2401 2500 -3.353122966 -2.466764874 -4.239481059 -2.715228771 -1.528079659 -3.902377882 2501 2600 -4.71002834 -2.810074464 -6.609982216 -2.612817688 -1.541565112 -3.684070264 2601 2700 -3.822339873 -3.590592603 -4.054087143 -2.577567309 -1.18398128 -3.971153337 2701 2800 -2.943352021 -0.278006534 -5.608697508 -2.022579858 -1.105486349 -2.939673367 2801 2900 -3.2108708 -0.201295614 -6.220445986 -2.393818091 -0.652560066 -4.135076117 2901 3000 -1.896709952 0.081713093 -3.875132997 -1.917013474 -1.442247796 -2.391779153 3001 3100 -2.731562808 0.771897162 -6.235022778 -2.083341834 -1.256321783 -2.910361886 3101 3200 -2.83718621 -0.747213584 -4.927158836 -2.048344828 -0.144689916 -3.951999739 3201 3300 -2.587778209 -0.321507269 -4.854049148 -2.224866265 -0.545448163 -3.904284368 3301 3400 -3.77479497 -1.430857131 -6.118732809 -2.466806616 -1.278518645 -3.655094587 3401 3500 -3.451917214 -2.603111635 -4.300722793 -2.107264637 -1.554047905 -2.660481369 3501 3600 -3.467535261 -2.826633027 -4.108437496 -2.231474155 -1.871149292 -2.591799018 3601 3700 -3.068231452 -1.034800734 -5.101662171 -2.016472958 -1.018829438 -3.014116478 3701 3800 -3.569499724 -2.671398255 -4.467601194 -1.91601806 -1.411346167 -2.420689953 3801 3900 -2.662198023 -0.08117781 -5.243218235 -1.854589503 -1.619719924 -2.089459083 3901 4000 -4.490284927 -2.801793764 -6.178776091 -2.636038546 -2.191564597 -3.080512495 4001 4100 -3.386866124 -2.34988244 -4.423849808 -2.31771387 -1.965864648 -2.669563092 4101 4200 -2.041252635 -1.718562333 -2.363942937 -1.847345864 -1.202172012 -2.492519715 4201 4300 -2.483473868 -1.434858338 -3.532089398 -1.767570465 -0.994730289 -2.540410641 4301 4400 -3.444399457 -1.1008787 -5.787920213 -1.958242737 -1.387166666 -2.529318807 4401 4500 -2.98956293 -1.268752407 -4.710373453 -1.677595933 -0.988884524 -2.366307343 4501 4600 -3.158717842 -2.36267069 -3.954764994 -1.819643288 -1.47135905 -2.167927526 4601 4700 -3.905970269 -2.647470032 -5.164470507 -2.361647931 -0.921921822 -3.80137404 4701 4800 -4.395210366 -2.784238052 -6.006182679 -2.496215471 -0.883909408 -4.108521534 4801 4900 -3.892077896 -0.865301744 -6.918854049 -2.377765537 0.302032689 -5.057563763 4901 5000 -3.74528732 -1.37114465 -6.119429991 -2.62076779 -2.396147988 -2.845387591 5001 5100 -4.587748297 -1.214857978 -7.960638617 -2.771926415 -2.551616387 -2.992236442 5101 5200 -3.6397937 -1.541807159 -5.73778024 -2.213164546 -0.988280369 -3.438048724 5201 5300 -5.367031339 -0.487944481 -10.2461182 -3.122828972 -1.328617469 -4.917040475 5301 5400 -4.786901888 -1.381971019 -8.191832758 -2.978794871 -1.624631168 -4.332958575 5401 5500 -4.517159088 -2.611113724 -6.423204451 -2.574735299 -1.596173033 -3.553297565 5501 5600 -3.994097035 -1.348974279 -6.639219791 -2.139418872 -1.431073238 -2.847764506 5601 5700 -3.973968369 -3.043154853 -4.904781886 -1.790104853 -0.724696941 -2.855512765 5701 5800 -4.959098655 -3.847508032 -6.070689277 -2.715239217 -2.503485417 -2.926993016 5801 5900 -4.605575304 -3.352183409 -5.858967199 -2.616329172 -1.61559959 -3.617058755 5901 6000 -4.462050344 -1.879376919 -7.044723768 -2.436369913 -2.156774055 -2.715965771 6001 6100 -4.894347842 -2.735247851 -7.053447833 -2.738141603 -2.47940765 -2.996875556 6101 6200 -5.448122445 -0.894877631 -10.00136726 -2.67874593 -2.324575413 -3.032916448 6201 6300 -4.9036761 -3.212089166 -6.595263033 -2.1441732 -0.844558431 -3.443787968 6301 6400 -5.004121101 -4.417458007 -5.590784195 -2.789743091 -2.223531153 -3.355955028 6401 6500 -3.116932963 -0.087358918 -6.146507008 -2.302665477 -0.344756027 -4.260574927 6501 6600 -5.238357109 -1.295143525 -9.181570693 -3.029405699 -0.811134517 -5.247676881 6601 6700 -5.482240826 -5.029856396 -5.934625257 -2.951514688 -2.314310406 -3.58871897 6701 6800 -5.213189303 -4.115119671 -6.311258934 -3.238562535 -2.738376407 -3.738748663 6801 6900 -5.894032359 -4.245716178 -7.54234854 -3.171083391 -2.457216866 -3.884949917 6901 7000 -4.643035262 -3.873314768 -5.412755756 -2.925868529 -2.031491878 -3.82024518 7001 7100 -4.929704533 -2.608471372 -7.250937694 -2.844823627 -1.323562862 -4.366084392 7101 7200 -5.699245007 -3.528855663 -7.869634351 -3.022894632 -0.81194189 -5.233847374 7201 7300 -5.219075433 -5.0019126 -5.436238267 -3.378103459 -2.310855813 -4.445351105 7301 7400 -5.145475619 -3.245521742 -7.045429495 -3.009952925 -1.938700349 -4.081205501 7401 7500 -5.65960094 -3.759647064 -7.559554816 -3.045089705 -1.973837129 -4.116342281 7501 7600 -3.787098007 -1.887144131 -5.687051884 -2.20469352 -1.133440944 -3.275946096 7601 7700 -5.88636445 -3.986410574 -7.786318326 -2.667149406 -1.595896831 -3.738401982 7701 7800 -4.49504767 -2.595093794 -6.395001546 -2.207972356 -1.13671978 -3.279224931 7801 7900 -4.707551369 -2.807597492 -6.607505245 -2.385604319 -1.314351743 -3.456856894 7901 8000 -5.819128117 -3.91917424 -7.719081993 -2.96862397 -1.897371394 -4.039876546 8001 8100 -5.337715197 -3.43776132 -7.237669073 -3.07063507 -1.999382494 -4.141887645 8101 8200 -6.551061433 -4.651107556 -8.451015309 -3.33521695 -2.263964374 -4.406469526 8201 8300 -6.296710453 -4.396756577 -8.196664329 -3.370016069 -2.298763493 -4.441268644 8301 8400 -3.445810513 -1.545856636 -5.345764389 -2.804370075 -1.733117499 -3.875622651 8401 8500 -3.71229776 -1.812343884 -5.612251636 -2.7101179 -1.638865324 -3.781370476 8501 8600 -4.996395068 -3.096441191 -6.896348944 -2.995424538 -1.924171962 -4.066677113 8601 8700 -8.339699 -6.439745124 -10.23965288 -3.6026371 -2.531384524 -4.673889676 8701 8800 -6.132101125 -4.232147249 -8.032055001 -3.068099839 -1.996847264 -4.139352415 8801 8900 -7.287008714 -5.387054838 -9.186962591 -3.580542857 -2.509290281 -4.651795433 8901 9000 -4.694695563 -2.794741686 -6.594649439 -3.49326053 -2.422007954 -4.564513106 9001 9100 -4.7156205 -2.815666624 -6.615574376 -3.444963467 -2.373710891 -4.516216042